Will the removal of the breast cancer to avoid Angelina Jolie?

Two weeks ago, Angelina Jolie has a set of procedures that make up a mastectomy. So is the removal of breasts. Or to put it simply - the chest.

 

Angelina decided to remove both breasts after she learned that the probability of breast cancer is high and it is 87%. Geneticists have found out that she is a carrier of the gene BRCA1, which often includes developing cancer .

 

Can the rescue operation on the chest of cancer told "Komsomolskaya Pravda" PhD, a breast oncologist Irina Smirnitsky:

 

- Of course, we are not at liberty to discuss it, whether Angelina made that removed the breast. So, on that there were compelling medical reasons. Hereditary predisposition to breast cancer has been proven in the 80's of the 20th century. What, then, by the way, has provoked an epidemic in the United States the whole mastectomy (ie, operations to remove the breast). Even completely healthy women insisted on the operation. Now knowledge about cancer has increased, and similar operations are carried out only on special indications.

 

We Jolie, as she says, has been found destructive gene responsible for the risk of developing breast cancer. Her mother died just from the disease. In addition, as the media wrote some time ago, the actress is suffering from hepatitis, which also weakens the body's immune defenses.

 

Of course, Angelina herself asked not to cut off her breasts. I think ever since the disease mother, she regularly delivers tests for tumor markers (by the way, in the U.S. in some states, these analyzes are required, especially if breast cancer in a close relative by blood). According to the results of tests oncologists identify the risk of developing the disease in the near future. We Jolie risk was 87%. In such a situation, the removal of the glandular tissue of the breast is really seriously reduces the chance of developing cancer. But it is very individual.

Do not panic, they say, if we Jolie was left without a breast, I'll go and I'll cut yourself something. But should be checked regularly. Breast cancer - the most common cancer diseases among women in our country. But at the initial stage it is completely curable. Modern mammography shows the tumor is less than 0.5 cm For all women over 40 years of very desirable once a year to do a mammogram and breast ultrasound. If there is a risk (family history, breast or other breast disease), it is also held once a year test for tumor markers. And I repeat: do not be afraid to be tested, the cancer feeds on our fear of it.

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HOMOEOPATHY - Introduction

Homoeopathy is a system of medicine introduced by a german physician Dr Samuel Hahnemann.He was basically an allopathic doctor who has left the practise because of side effects and temporary relief of symptoms of allopathy.For his bread and butter he started translating the medical books to different languages.While he was translating cullen's materia medica he came across a herbal medicine called cinchona.It was written that cinchona can cure malaria and it can also produce symptoms similar to malaria on healthy individuals.This point clicked hahnemann's brain and he prepared an extract of cinchona bark and taken himself.To his surprise he developed some symptoms of malaria like chills and achings.He started doing the same experiment on different individuals and the result was the same.

By this experiment hahnemann came to know that any drug which can produce a set of symptoms on a healthy humanbeing can be used to cure the similar symptoms in a diseased person.He gave cinchona to various malaria patients and the result was wonderful and a system called homoeopathy originated.The word homoeo means similar,pathy means suffering.The basic principle of homoeopathy is 'similia similibus curantur' means like cures cure.Hahnemann prepared some other drugs using alcohol as a vehicle and started experimenting on different age groups and noted down the symptoms produced in them.He proved nearly 30 drugs and the symptoms produced were noted down systematically.The symptoms collected by drug proving were categorised in the order in a book form named materia medica pura.

Hahnemann noticed that by diluting the crude drug substences in spirit a dynamic power is developed and is responsible for producing the symptoms on healthy people.Hahnemann started giving treatement to somany diseased persons with the medicines prepared by him on applying the principle similia similibus curantur and got wonderful cures and homoeopathy started spreading all over the world.

He gave medicines to some patients and noticed that symptoms are coming back again.So he understood that the cause for the disease should be treated .After doing experiments and observations he came to know that diseases are actually caused by some dynamic forces and he named them as miasms.[psora ,syphilis,sycosis] He noticed that to cure a person completely these miasms should be eradicated using a similar dynamic force.This idea lead to antimiasmatic drugs which are drugs having disease producing power similar to miasms.He developed anti miasmatic drugs and experimented on diseased persons and got wonderful cures.

Developement of homoeopathy

The principles of homoeopathy was written in book form and he named it organon of medicine.Lateron he started publishing these works and six editions of organon were published.Right from the beginning of homoeopathy somany doctors of other system started working against homoeopathy.But those who were against homoeopathy lateron came to know the truth behind homoeopathy and started practising the same.Physicians like Dr J T Kent,Dr Hering,Dr Boenonghausen ect followed Dr hahnemann's mission and developed the system.They all started preparing somany other drugs on the basis of guidlines given by Hahnemann.Physicians came to know that by diluting the drug substance in spirit in a systematic way the medicinal power is increasing eventhough the quantity of drug decreases.Since diseases are due to dynamic causes the medicine also should be dynamic.By a process called potentisation same drug in different levels of potencies were made.They found that by increasing the potency the penetrating power of medicine is increased so that it act on a higher level than the usual material form of drugs used in other systems.This unique nature of homoeopathic medicine is the reason for the wonderful cures of even the mental diseases.

General principles

Homoeopathy treats the diseased individual as a whole rather than treating diseased parts or organs.The physical,mental,emotional,social spheres of a person is considered for a permanent cure.This system believes that the diseases are caused due to the derangement of vital force which is an invisible power in every individual.In a healthy state the vital force maintains the equilibrium of mind body and soul .During this man will have normal sensations and functions.When the vital force gets affected there will be external manifestations in the form of signs and symptoms.The imbalance in the body functions makes a shelter for forign organisms(bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa ect) and allow them to proliferate &produce so called diseases.Homoeopathy believes thet the real desease comes before the bacteria & viruses,hence the root cause of the disease has to be treated for a permenent cure.The antibacterial and antiviral agents only remove the secondary causes mentioned above.

Diseases are produced by noxious morbific agents called Miasms which are dynamic influences which affect the vital force.There are mainly three miasms PSORA ,SYPHILIS&SYCOSIS. These three causes are accepted by other schools of medicine but called by different names. Psora causes functional disturbances, syphilis causes structural changes in the form of destructions and sycosis causes changes in the form of overgrowth.These three miasms can act individually or in combined form to produce different disease conditions.

 

homoeopathy works

Preperation of medicine in homoeopathy

In homoeopathy medicines are prepared from different sources like minerals, plants, animals, toxins, diseased parts ect. Medicines are prepared from these substances by a special process called potentisation.Here the soluble substances are potentised by diluting(mixing with spirit with a downward stroke) with spirit and insoluble substances by grinding(trituration) with sugar of milk.The crude drug substance is first mixed with a calculated quantity of spirit and water and kept for few days .From this mixture extract is taken and is called mother tincture(denoted as Q).From this mother tincture dilutions are prepared by potentisation.Potentisation is a mathematical process by which the quantity of original drug substance reduces but medicinal power increases. Depending upon the ratio of quantity of drug substance and vehicle(spirit or sugar of milk)there are different scales for this process.Each scale has got different potencies which indicate power of medicine.Example in decimal scale the drug substance vehicle ratio is1/10 and the availables potencies are 3x,6x.12x ect.In centismal scale the ratio is 1/100 and the available potencies are 30c,200c ect,in LM potency the ratio is 1/50000 and the available potencies are 0/1,0/2,0/3 ect.Potency is written after the name of every medicine

Same medicine is available in different potencies. Suitable potency is selected according to so many facters like severity,depth of disease,condition of the patient ,nature of disease ,type of symptoms,age of patient and ect.

Subjects studied in homoeopathy:-

History of medicine

History & developement of homoeopathy

Pioneers of homoeopathy

Organon of medicine

Homoeopathic philosophy

Materia medica

Homoeopathic pharmacy & pharmacognosy

Homoeopathic repertory

Homoeopathic case taking

Homoeopathic therapeutics

General medical subjects:

( Anatomy,physiology,pathology,microbiology,parasitology,toxicology,forensic medicine,social & preventive medicine,surgery ,ENT ,gynaecology & obstetrics, opthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, surgery,general medicine,pediatrics,dermatology ,psychiatry and ect)

Homoeopathic case taking and prescription.

Cure by a homoeopathic medicine is rapid ,gentle and permenent if correct remedy in suitable dose is given. . Just giving one drug for one disease (specific drugs)may not give good result.To come to a correct remedial diagnosis we should have the symptomatology of the person .It is the total symptoms of a person which includes mental generals,physical generals,particular symptoms ect.

All signs and symptoms (mental&physical)of the person is taken in detail.Knowledge about past illness,family history of diseases,food & bowel habits,notable causes,relation to climatic changes and constitution ect are noted down in a systematic order.

Mental symptoms:

Example: fear,anxiety,depression,anger,jealousy and ect....

Physical symptoms:

Example: Body makeup, appetite, thirst, desires, aversions, bowels, urination, sleep, taste, nature of smell, discharges any abnormal sensations like pain, burning, climatic changes, thermal relations, and etc...

Peculiar uncommon symptoms:

 

This is the speciality of homoeopathic system of medicine.For the selection of a suitable remedy these symptoms are very important.common symptoms which are seen almost in all patients are least important. This is the reason for giving different medicines to different individuals suffering from same disease.Example: Five people suffering from typhoid may get five different remedies because of changes of individual symptoms.

Particular/local signs&symptoms:

This include signs &symptoms related to body parts &organs.

Example: Part affected,any swelling,discolouration ect.

 

Systemic examination:-

Different systems are examined in a systematic order.(Respiratory system ,digestive system,nervous system,cardio vascular system and ect....) Vital signs

Pulse,blood pressure,temperature,respiratory rate ect are checked here.

General physical examination:

Here body parts are examined from head to foot to findout any changes.

provisional disease diagnosis; Here probable diseases are diagnosed. In homoeopathy disease diagnosis is not that much important for the selection of a remedy,but needed for general management and to know the prognosis.

Investigations : This includes lab investigations and other methods to find out any other major illnesses.

 

Final disease diagnosis:

After doing all investigations the disease is diagnosed.

Remedial diagnosis:

This is the most importnant part as far as homoeopathy is concerned. For this the selected symptoms are arranged in a systematic order on the basis of importance. Symptoms are analysed to find out the importance of each symptom for the selection of a remedy.Remedies are selected on the basis of similarity.

Suitable remedies are diagnosed by a process called repertorisation. Here books called repertories are used. Repertory is the index of symptoms of materia medica(books which contain the symptoms of drugs).Nowadays computer softwares are used for repertorisalion.By this process we will get the remedies covering maximum important symptom of the patient.

Amoung this group of remedies the most suitable remedy is selected by referring various books and considering the life space investigation of the patient..The selected medicine is given in suitable potency & dose.

ANTI MIASMATIC TREATMENT:

The root cause of disease is miasms which should be eradicated using suitable anti miasmatic drugs.Every drug can eradicate the miasm if there is symptom similarity.There are anti psoric drugs,anti syphilitic drugs and anti sycotic drugs.After diagnosing the miasm suitable anti miasmatic drug has to be given to complete the cure.

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Homoeopathy for smelly breath

Offenssive smell through the mouth is a kind of complaint from the daily medical practice.It mainly affects people who mingle with other people very closely. Terrible breath is noticed usually by the buddies & members of the family or some times person himself feel it are available towards the doctor.Many badbreathers develop depression which forces these to be away from the society which experts claim hampers their activities.

The protein inside the food debris are degraded by the anaerobic bacteria specific to the mouth.Offenssive odor is produced because of relieve some gases like hydrogen sulphide,skatol ect as a result of bacterial activity.Formation of the thin sticky membrane on the tongue favoures bacterial growth.Bactrera are also seen in the crypts of tonsils ,caries,dental pockets ect.Terrible breath is part of good oral cleaning,caries,gingivitis,tonsillitis,tonsillar plaques,food habits,water intake ,tobacco chewing,stomach and liver diseases and ect.

Homoeopathy is really a system of medicine introduced by a german physician Dr Samuel Hahnemann.Homoeopathy treats the diseased individual in general instead of treating diseased parts or organs.The physical,mental,emotional,social spheres of an person is regarded as for just a permanent cure.This technique believes that the diseases are caused due to derangement of vital force that is a low profile power in every single individual.Within a healthy state the vital force maintains the equilibrium of mind heart and soul .During this man can have normal sensations and procedures.Once the vitality gets affected there will be external manifestations in the form of signs.The imbalance by the body processes functions is really a shelter for forign organisms(bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa ect) and permit those to proliferate &produce so named diseases.Homoeopathy believes thet the important desease comes before the bacteria & viruses,hence the basis cause of the illness needs to be treated for any permenent cure.The antibacterial and antiviral agents only remove the secondary causes already stated.

Diseases are manufactured by noxious morbific agents called Miasms which are dynamic influences which affect the vitality.You will find mainly three miasms PSORA ,SYPHILIS&SYCOSIS. These three causes are accepted by other schools of medication but called by different names. Psora causes functional disturbances, syphilis cause structural alterations in the form of destructions and sycosis causes alterations in are overgrowth.These three miasms can act individually or in combined form producing different disease conditions.

To take care of bad breath with homoeopathic medicine put in at home if correct remedy in suitable dose has. Within the homoeopathic medical repertory by Dr Robin Murphy you will discover 140 homoeopathic drugs mentioned for halitosis.So just giving one drug for bad breath may not give good result.To find a proper remedial diagnosis we should contain the symptomatology of the baby .It does not take total the signs of a person which includes mental generals,physical generals,particular symptoms ect.Terrible breath is regarded as being a physical general symptom .Eventhough referring only at a perhaps the body it affects the whole individual.

Symptoms related with appetite,thirst,bowels ect are incorporated into physical generals.

All indicators (mental&physical)of the individual is taken in detail.Know-how about computers past illneses,genealogy and family history of diseases,food & bowel habits,relation to climatic changes and constitution ect are noted down in a systematic order.

Mental symptoms:

example: fear,anxiety,depression,anger,jealousy and ect....

Physical symptoms:

example: Body makeup,appetite,thirst,desires,aversions,bowels,urination,sleep,taste, nature of smell,discharges any abnormal sensations like pain, burning ,climatic changes,thermal relations, and ect....

Peculiar uncommon symptoms:

This is the speciality of homoeopathic system of drugs.For that selection of a suitable remedy these symptoms are very important.common symptoms which are seen almost in all of the patients are least important.

particular/local signs&symptoms:

This include signs &symptoms related to body parts &organs.

example: Coating for the tongue,nature of mucus membrane of jaws, tonsils, gums, teeth, ulcers, discolourations ect are thought here.

Systemic & general physical examination:-

Terrible breath might be due to various systemic and disorders.Hence all systems ( respiratory system ,digestive tract,nerve fibres, cardio vascular system and ect )and parts from head over to foot needs to be examined.

provisional disease diagnosis; Here probable diseases are diagnosed. In homoeopathy disease diagnosis isn't that much essential for selecting treatment,but essential for general management and also to have in mind the prognosis.

Investigations:

This includes lab investigations along with other techniques to find out another major illnesses.

Final disease diagnosis:

After doing all investigations the sickness is diagnosed.

Remedial diagnosis:

This is actually the most importnant part so far as homoeopathy is anxious. Due to this the chosen symptoms are arranged in a very systematic order judging by importance.

symptoms are analysed to learn value of each symptom for your collection of an answer.Treatments are selected judging by similarity.[the essential principle of homoeopathy is 'similia similibus curenter' means like cures like.Medication which often can produce some symptoms inside a healthy man works extremely well like a remedy to trea the same symptoms in a very sufferer.Each homoeopathic drug is proved on healthy people and the symptoms collected from this process(drug proving) is coded in meteria medica.]

Suitable treatments are diagnosed by a process called repertorisation. Here books called repertories are being used. Repertory would be the index of signs and symptoms of pharmacology(books that contain the signs and symptoms of drugs).Nowadays computer softwares bring repertorisalion.With this process we will have the remedies covering maximum important symptom of the individual.

Amoung this list of remedies the most appropriate remedy is selected by referring various books and good reputation for the patient..The chosen medicine is offered in suitable potency & dose.

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ANTI MIASMATIC TREATMENT:

The foundation root cause of disease is miasms that ought to be eradicated using suitable anti miasmatic drugs.Every drug can eradicate the miasm if you have symptom similarity.there are anti psoric drugs,anti syphilitic drugs and anti sycotic drugs.After diagnosing the miasm suitable anti miasmatic drug needs to be provided to complete the cure.

[In homoeopathy medicines are ready from different sources like minerals, plants, animals, toxins, diseased parts ect. Medicines are ready readily available substances by the special process called potentisation.Here the soluble substances are potentised by diluting with spirit and insoluble substances by grinding with sugar of milk.The crude drug substance is first combined with a calculated variety of spirit and water and kept for couple of days .Using this mixture extract is taken which is called mother tincture(denoted as Q).Because of this mother tincture dilutions have decided by potentisation.Potentisation is often a mathematical operation during which the quantity of original drug substance reduces but medicinal power increases. Dependant on precisely variety of drug substance and vehicle(spirit or sugar of milk)you can find different scales for this process.Each scale seems to have different potencies which indicate power of medication.Example in decimal scale 3x,6x.12x ect.in centisimal scale there is 30c,200c ect,in LM poteny there are 0/1,0/2,0/3 ect.potency is written following your name of every medicine]

Same medicine is available in different potencies. Suitable potency is selected in accordance with countless facters like sevearity,depth of disease,condition with the patient ,nature of disease ,sort of symptoms,chronilogical age of patient and ect.

Some useful homoeo drugs for terrible breath.

Arnica montana, Antim crude, Ars alb, Asafoetida, Aurum met, Baptisia, Bryonia,Borax,Calc carb, Carbo veg, Cinchona, Chelidonium, Graphites, Kali bich ,Kreosotum, Lachesis, Lycopodium, Merc sol, Natrum mur, Nitricum acidum, Nux vomica, Plantago, Pulsatilla, Phos, Pyrogen, Sulphur etc.

1) Arnica montana:

This medicine is advantageous for fetid breath.Mouth is extremely dry with thirst for water.Terrible breath regarding fever.There is certainly bleeding from the gum,may be after tooth extraction or after injury.Offenssive gas pass upwards and downwards from stomach.Petient can be quite responsive to touch with sore and bruised feeling allover the body.

2) Antim crude:

Useful for foul breath with gastric complaints and coated tongue.This medicine act mainly on filthy persons with aversion to bathing.Tongue is coated white like fur.Nostrils and lips are cracked .Eructations are putrid.Handy for badbreath in kids

3) Ars alb:

All discharges are receiving cadeveric smell.Saliva is bloody with unique odor.Thirst for trouble is well marked. This medicine act well in debilitated and emaciated persons.Terrible breath related to gastric disorders.Vomiting from slightest food or drink and intolerance of vegetables and watery fruits.Mentally these patients are fastidious with the insecurity feeling.These are having anxiety about death or serious disease with restlessness and anxiety.

4) Asafoetida:

A good choice for foul breath related to eructations.Great distension of abdomen with sensation of a ball rising in throat.All discharges are offenssive.Reverse peristalsis with loud eructations.This medicine act well on hysterical persons.

5) Aurum met:

Helpful for halitosis in girls at puberty. There may be ulceration in gums with putrid or bitter taste. Destruction in body tissues like bone is seen in these patients.This medicine act well on persons who're tired with life with thoughts of suicide.Skin a feeling they may have done an unpardonable crime.

6) Baptisia:

reath fetid with bitter taste.Gums sore and ulcerated.Yellowish brown coating on centre of tongue with glistening edges.Top of the tongue is cracked.These patients feel difficult to swallow food.Tonsils are enlarged without pain.Useful for painless tonsillitis & pharyngitis with putrid smell.All discharges are offenssive.This medicine act well on persons having besoted look.There is a tendency for stupor and delirium over these persons.

7) Borax:

Great for terrible breath linked to apthous ulcer within the mouth.Also effective for infection with the mouth.Mouth can be quite hot and tender.Ulcers bleed on touch.Invaluable for smelly breath in youngsters with ulcers in the mouth.Child has anxiety about doward motion.

8) Bryonia:

Irritable persons who always mention business.Lips parched dry and cracked.Tongue coated brownish with bitter taste in the mouth.Thirst for big amount of cold water is well marked.Heaviness in abdomen after eating.Usually constipated with hard dry stools.

9) Calcarea fluor:

Plugs of mucus are always forming from the crypts from the tonsils.Unnatural looseness in the teeth with or without pain.Susceptible to get caries with discolouration.Tonsils are enlarged with recurrent infection.

10) Carbo veg:

These patients are weak and debilitated .All body discharges are profuse with cadeveric smell.Gums are retracted and bleed easily.Frequent putrid eructations with distention of abdomen.Complaints ameliorted by passing flatus.Can't tolerate meat and fat.Involuntary diarrhoea during the night time.Would like to be fanned from the close distance.

11) Chelidonium:

Tongue yellow with imprint of teeth.Unique odor with bitter style of the mouth.Helpful for halitosis with liver complaints.Thirst for hot liquids.Patient feels better by eating. Constipation with hard round stools.Constipation alternating with diarrhoea.

12) Graphites:

This medicine act well on obese patients with skin troubles.Breath has the aroma of urine.Rotten odor with salivation and blisters in the mouth.Sour eructations with gastric complaints.Skin complaints with sticky discharges.Gastric pain ameliorated by eating .

13) kali bich:

Foul breath with gastric ulcer.You can find round ulcers inside the mouth.Saliva viscid. Vomiting with bitter taste.Tongue is smooth .Craves bear.Gastric complaints alternating with rheumatism.

14) kreosotum:

Teeth dark and crumbly.Bitter taste in the mouth with putrid odour.Very rapid decay of teeth.All discharges are very offenssive.Gums spongy and bleed easily.Foul breath regarding caries and gastric complaints.

15) Lachesis:

This medicine pursue dark restless patients with jelousy.Tongue is black coloured. Complaints are aggravated while sleeping.Wants fanning from a telephone long distance.Cannot tolerate tight cloathing around body.Complaints aggravated in hot climate.

16) Lycopodium:

Act well on intelligent those who are physically weak.They have not enough self worth.Great for badbreath associated with sour eructations with burning in throat. Teeth excessively painful to the touch.There are blisters around the tongue.Wants warm drinks and food.This type of person usually constipated .Craving for sweets well marked.

17) Merc sol:

Sweetish metallic style of the mouth with bloody viscid saliva. Gum is spongy and bleed easily.Mouth is moist to comprehend thirst.Teeth indented. Crown with the teeth decay.Fetid odor on the mouth may be felt all over the room.Ulcerations from the mouth with bleeding.All body discharges are offenssive.All complaints are aggravated at night.

18) Nux vomica:

This medicine act well on those who lead a sedentery life.They may be very short tempered and be angry effortlessly.There're very busy of their occupation and luxuriate in modern civilised life with all of varieties of refreshments.Foul breath might be more after meals plus the morning. Posterior the main tongue is coated and anterior part is clean.Sour taste in the mouth with nausea every day.They have got frequent urge for stool.Heavy feeling in abdomen after meals are noticed.

19) Plantago:

Caries with severe toothache.Pain better by eating.Salivation is way better by eating. Toothache with swelling of gums.Gargling plantago Q is advantageous to have getting rid of toothache as a result of caries.

20) Pulsatilla:

Act well on mild and gentle ladies which has a yielding disposition.Patient is quite timid which has a weeping tendency.Foul breath is noticed mainly every day.Mouth is quite dry but dosn't desire to stay hydrated. Yellow or white tongue covered with a tenacious mucus.Taste is altered.Taste of food remains in the mouth for a long period.Patient wash the mouth frequently.

21) Psorinum:

Act well on unclean patients with unique odor. Hawking of cheesy, pea like balls of disgusting smell and taste may be the main cause for foul breath during these patients.Tonsils are swollen with profuse offenssive saliva.Quinsy with tough mucus in throat.All body secretions are filthy.Eructations taste like bad eggs.Very hungry and getup even at nighttime for food.Swallowing is painful with pain in ears.

22) Pyrogen:

Foul breath of septic origin is cured using this type of medicine.Taste terribly fetid with horrible breath,tongue red ,dry ,smooth asif varnished.Foul breath regarding high fever and coffeground vomiting. Normally patients is very responsive to touch,can't repose on bed on account of bruinsed pain.All discharges are offenssive.

23) Sulphur:

This medicine act best on dirty & filthy people with offenssive odor along with a tendecy for skin diseases.Lips dry bright red with burning sensation..Tongue white with red tip & borders.Bitter style of the morning. Eructations are putrid.Burning to all body parts. Aversion to bathing is well marked.Not bothered about hygiene ,still they think likely having superhuman powers. Him or her are incredibly selfish.

Some homoeo mother tinctures (Q) great for smelly breath.

[mother tincture mustn'tbe taken directly since it can produce burning sensation,hence 10 drops ought to be combined half glass of water and taken internally or employed for gargling]

1) Cinnamon Q : This mother tincture can be utilized for gragling after diluting with water.Also great for bleeding from gums.

2) Eucalyptus Q : This tincture may be used as a mouth wash after mixing with water.Internal using this medicine can remove mucus in the respiratory system.Also useful for cold and coryza.

3) Zingiber Q : Great for bad breath related to gastric complaints. This medicine can improve digestion.Also used for gargling.

4) Rhus glabra Q : Gargling on this tincture can be quite helpful for ulcerative lesions inside mouth like aphthous ulcer.Internal by using this tincture is able to reduce the bad smell of stool & flatus.

5) Oleum caryophyllum Q : Gargling of this tincture helps to reduce toothache.As a result of it's fregrant quality very beneficial to cut back terrible breath.

6) Balsamum peru Q : This medicine can get rid of the mucus from respiratory system hence very helpful in chronic bronchitis and lung abscess.Can heal the ulcers from the mouth by gargling this tincture,additionally , it can produce pleasent smell from the mouth.

7) Menthol Q : It is a main ingradient in tonics and syrups.Gargling with this tincture reduces smelly breath.

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EFFECT OF ALCOHOL WITHIN THE BLOOD.

Dr. Richardson, as part of his lectures on alcohol, given inside England and America, talking about the act of it around the blood after passing through the stomach, says:

"Suppose, then, some way of measuring alcohol be taken into your stomach, it's going to be absorbed there, but, ahead of absorption, it sports to pass through a suitable degree of dilution with water, in order for there is this peculiarity respecting alcohol if it is separated by a pet membrane coming from a watery fluid much like the blood, that it's going to not go through the membrane until it may be charged, into a given point of dilution, with water. It can be itself, the truth is, so greedy for water, it's going to understand it from watery textures, and deprive them of computer until, by its saturation, its power of reception is exhausted , after which you can will diffuse in to the current of circulating fluid."

It is primarily the power of absorbing water from every texture with which alcoholic spirits comes in contact, that creates the burning thirst of those who freely experience its use. Its effect, when it reaches the circulation, is thus described by Dr. Richardson:

"Because it passes with the circulation on the lungs it truly is encountered with the oxygen, and many little than it, raised into vapor because of the natural heat, is thrown off in expiration. In the event the volume of or not it's large, this loss could possibly be considerable, and the odor with the spirit might be detected from the expired breath. If the quantity be small, the loss will probably be comparatively little, as being the spirit will likely be stuck solution by the water within the blood. After they have passed through the lungs, possesses been driven from the left heart over the arterial circuit, it passes to create the minute circulation, or perhaps the structural circulation from the organism. The arteries here extend into small vessels, that are called arterioles, and readily available infinitely small vessels spring the equally minute radicals or roots in the veins, which are ultimately to be the truly amazing rivers bearing the blood back to the very center. In the passage through this minute circulation the alcohol finds its method to every organ.

To this particular brain, to muscles, to the telltale secreting or excreting organs, nay, even into this bony structure itself, it moves with all the blood. In some these parts which might be not excreting, it remains for a short time diffused, as well as in those parts where there's a large percentage of water, it remains longer when compared to other areas. From some organs that are fitted with an empty tube for conveying fluids away, as being the liver and kidneys, it can be given away or eliminated, and in that way a small piece of it is ultimately removed from our bodies. The others passing round and round with the circulation, may well be decomposed and carried off in new forms of matter.

"When we have in mind the course which the alcohol ingests its passage throughout the body, from your duration of its absorption compared to that of that elimination, we have been the higher in a position to judge what physical changes it induces in the different organs and structures with which it is packaged in contact. It first reaches the blood; but, usually, the quantity of it that enters is insufficient to provide any material affect on that fluid. If, however, the dose taken be poisonous or semi-poisonous, then including the blood, rich since it is in water and it contains seven hundred and ninety parts in a thousand is affected. The alcohol is diffused through this water, where there it comes in contact with one other constituent parts, with the fibrine, that plastic substance which, when blood is drawn, clots and coagulates, and and that is contained in the proportion of from two to three parts inside a thousand; with the albumen which exists inside proportion of seventy parts; while using salts which yield about ten parts; with all the fatty matters; and lastly, with those minute, round bodies which float in myriads inside the blood (that had been discovered because of the Dutch philosopher, Leuwenhock, as one of the first results of microscopical observation, about the middle of the seventeenth century), and which can be referred to as the blood globules or corpuscles.

 

These last-named bodies are, in truth, cells; their discs, when natural, have a smooth outline, there're depressed in the center, and they're red in color; along with from the blood being based on them. We have now discovered that there exist other corpuscles or cells within the blood in smaller quantity, that happen to be called white cells, these different cells float in the blood-stream from the vessels. The red consider the centre with the stream; the white lie externally close to the sides from the vessels, moving less quickly. Our business is mainly using the red corpuscles. They perform the most important functions for the overall design; they absorb, in great part, the oxygen which we inhale in breathing, and carry it for the extreme tissues on the body; they absorb, in great part, the carbonic acid gas which can be produced in the combustion of the body in the extreme tissues, and bring that gas here we are at the lungs to become exchanged for oxygen there; in a nutshell, they may be the vital instruments of the circulation.

"Wonderful these regions of the blood, while using water, fibrine, albumen, salts, fatty matter and corpuscles, the alcohol can be purchased in contact when it enters the blood, and, when it wear sufficient quantity, it creates disturbing action. I have watched this disturbance cautiously within the blood corpuscles; for, in some animals you can see these floating along during life, and that we may also observe them from men that are within the effects of alcohol, by removing a speck of blood, and examining it while using microscope.

 

The action of the alcohol, when it is observable, is varied. It may cause the corpuscles running too closely together, and to adhere in rolls; it may well modify their outline, making the clear-defined, smooth, outer edge irregular or crenate, or even starlike; perhaps it will get a new round corpuscle into the oval form, or, in very extreme cases, it might produce some tips i may call a truncated kind of corpuscles, when the change can be so great that when we did not trace it through its stages, you should be puzzled to understand whether or not the object viewed were indeed a blood-cell. Each one of these changes are caused by the act of the spirit upon the river in the corpuscles; upon the capability of the spirit to extract water at their store. During every stage of modification of corpuscles thus described, their function to absorb and fix gases is impaired, so when the aggregation in the cells, in masses, is fantastic, other difficulties arise, with the cells, united together, pass less easily than they ought to throughout the minute vessels on the lungs in addition to the final circulation, and impede the actual, during which local injury is produced.

"Yet another action upon the blood, instituted by alcohol excessively, is upon the fibrine or plastic colloidal matter. With this the spirit may act by 50 percent other ways, according to the degree through which it affects water that holds the fibrine in solution. It may fix the stream with the fibrine, therefore destroy the effectiveness of coagulation; or it could extract the water so determinately regarding produce coagulation."

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EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON THE MEMBRANES.

The parts which first suffer from alcohol are those expansions of the body which the anatomists call the membranes. "The skin is a membranous envelope. Through the whole of the alimentary surface, from the lips downward, and through the bronchial passages to their minutest ramifications, extends the mucous membrane. The lungs, the heart, the liver, the kidneys are folded in delicate membranes, which can be stripped easily from these parts. If you take a portion of bone, you will find it easy to strip off from it a membranous sheath or covering; if you examine a joint, you will find both the head and the socket lined with membranes. The whole of the intestines are enveloped in a fine membrane called peritoneum . All the muscles are enveloped in membranes, and the fasciculi, or bundles and fibres of muscles, have their membranous sheathing. The brain and spinal cord are enveloped in three membranes; one nearest to themselves, a pure vascular structure, a network of blood-vessels; another, a thin serous structure; a third, a strong fibrous structure. The eyeball is a structure of colloidal humors and membranes, and of nothing else. To complete the description, the minute structures of the vital organs are enrolled in membranous matter."

These membranes are the filters of the body. "In their absence there could be no building of structure, no solidification of tissue, nor organic mechanism. Passive themselves, they, nevertheless, separate all structures into their respective positions and adaptations."

Membranous deteriorations.

In order to make perfectly clear to your mind the action and use of these membranous expansions, and the way in which alcohol deteriorates them, and obstructs their work, we quote again from Dr. Richardson:

"The animal receives from the vegetable world and from the earth the food and drink it requires for its sustenance and motion. It receives colloidal food for its muscles: combustible food for its motion; water for the solution of its various parts; salt for constructive and other physical purposes. These have all to be arranged in the body; and they are arranged by means of the membranous envelopes. Through these membranes nothing can pass that is not, for the time, in a state of aqueous solution, like water or soluble salts. Water passes freely through them, salts pass freely through them, but the constructive matter of the active parts that is colloidal does not pass; it is retained in them until it is chemically decomposed into the soluble type of matter. When we take for our food a portion of animal flesh, it is first resolved, in digestion, into a soluble fluid before it can be absorbed; in the blood it is resolved into the fluid colloidal condition; in the solids it is laid down within the membranes into new structure, and when it has played its part, it is digested again, if I may so say, into a crystalloidal soluble substance, ready to be carried away and replaced by addition of new matter, then it is dialysed or passed through, the membranes into the blood, and is disposed of in the excretions.

"See, then, what an all-important part these membranous structures play in the animal life. Upon their integrity all the silent work of the building up of the body depends. If these membranes are rendered too porous, and let out the colloidal fluids of the blood the albumen, for example the body so circumstanced, dies; dies as if it were slowly bled to death. If, on the contrary, they become condensed or thickened, or loaded with foreign material, then they fail to allow the natural fluids to pass through them. They fail to dialyse, and the result is, either an accumulation of the fluid in a closed cavity, or contraction of the substance inclosed within the membrane, or dryness of membrane in surfaces that ought to be freely lubricated and kept apart. In old age we see the effects of modification of membrane naturally induced; we see the fixed joint, the shrunken and feeble muscle, the dimmed eye, the deaf ear, the enfeebled nervous function.

"It may possibly seem, at first sight, that I am leading immediately away from the subject of the secondary action of alcohol. It is not so. I am leading directly to it. Upon all these membranous structures alcohol exerts a direct perversion of action. It produces in them a thickening, a shrinking and an inactivity that reduces their functional power. That they may work rapidly and equally, they require to be at all times charged with water to saturation. If, into contact with them, any agent is brought that deprives them of water, then is their work interfered with; they cease to separate the saline constituents properly; and, if the evil that is thus started, be allowed to continue, they contract upon their contained matter in whatever organ it may be situated, and condense it.

"In brief, under the prolonged influence of alcohol those changes which take place from it in the blood corpuscles, extend to the other organic parts, involving them in structural deteriorations, which are always dangerous, and are often ultimately fatal."

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HOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS THE BRAIN

I once had the unusual, though unhappy, opportunity of observing the same phenomenon in the brain structure of a man, who, in a paroxysm of alcoholic excitement, decapitated himself under the wheel of a railway carriage, and whose brain was instantaneously evolved from the skull by the crash. The brain itself, entire, was before me within three minutes after the death. It exhaled the odor of spirit most distinctly, and its membranes and minute structures were vascular in the extreme. It looked as if it had been recently injected with vermilion. The white matter of the cerebrum, studded with red points, could scarcely be distinguished, when it was incised, by its natural whiteness; and the pia-mater, or internal vascular membrane covering the brain, resembled a delicate web of coagulated red blood, so tensely were its fine vessels engorged.

I should add that this condition extended through both the larger and the smaller brain, the cerebrum and cerebellum, but was not so marked in the medulla or commencing portion of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord and nerves.

The action of alcohol continued beyond the first stage, the function of the spinal cord is influenced. Through this part of the nervous system we are accustomed, in health, to perform automatic acts of a mechanical kind, which proceed systematically even when we are thinking or speaking on other subjects. Thus a skilled workman will continue his mechanical work perfectly, while his mind is bent on some other subject; and thus we all perform various acts in a purely automatic way, without calling in the aid of the higher centres, except something more than ordinary occurs to demand their service, upon which we think before we perform. Under alcohol, as the spinal centres become influenced, these pure automatic acts cease to be correctly carried on.

 

That the hand may reach any object, or the foot be correctly planted, the higher intellectual centre must be invoked to make the proceeding secure. There follows quickly upon this a deficient power of co-ordination of muscular movement. The nervous control of certain of the muscles is lost, and the nervous stimulus is more or less enfeebled. The muscles of the lower lip in the human subject usually fail first of all, then the muscles of the lower limbs, and it is worthy of remark that the extensor muscles give way earlier than the flexors. The muscles themselves, by this time, are also failing in power; they respond more feebly than is natural to the nervous stimulus; they, too, are coming under the depressing influence of the paralyzing agent, their structure is temporarily deranged, and their contractile power reduced.

This modification of the animal functions under alcohol, marks the second degree of its action. In young subjects, there is now, usually, vomiting with faintness, followed by gradual relief from the burden of the poison.

Effect on the brain centres.

The alcoholic spirit carried yet a further degree, the cerebral or brain centres become influenced; they are reduced in power, and the controlling influences of will and of judgment are lost. As these centres are unbalanced and thrown into chaos, the rational part of the nature of the man gives way before the emotional, passional or organic part. The reason is now off duty, or is fooling with duty, and all the mere animal instincts and sentiments are laid atrociously bare. The coward shows up more craven, the braggart more boastful, the cruel more merciless, the untruthful more false, the carnal more degraded. ' In vino veritas ' expresses, even, indeed, to physiological accuracy, the true condition. The reason, the emotions, the instincts, are all in a state of carnival, and in chaotic feebleness.

 

HOW ALCOHOL AFFECTS THE BRAIN

Finally, the action of the alcohol still extending, the superior brain centres are overpowered; the senses are beclouded, the voluntary muscular prostration is perfected, sensibility is lost, and the body lies a mere log, dead by all but one-fourth, on which alone its life hangs. The heart still remains true to its duty, and while it just lives it feeds the breathing power. And so the circulation and the respiration, in the otherwise inert mass, keeps the mass within the bare domain of life until the poison begins to pass away and the nervous centres to revive again. It is happy for the inebriate that, as a rule, the brain fails so long before the heart that he has neither the power nor the sense to continue his process of destruction up to the act of death of his circulation. Therefore he lives to die another day.

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THE GROWTH AND POWER OF APPETITE.

One fact attendant on habitual drinking stands out so prominently that none can call it in question. It is that of the steady growth of appetite. There are exceptions, as in the action of nearly every rule; but the almost invariable result of the habit we have mentioned, is, as we have said, a steady growth of appetite for the stimulant imbibed. That this is in consequence of certain morbid changes in the physical condition produced by the alcohol itself, will hardly be questioned by any one who has made himself acquainted with the various functional and organic derangements which invariably follow the continued introduction of this substance into the body.

But it is to the fact itself, not to its cause, that we now wish to direct your attention. The man who is satisfied at first with a single glass of wine at dinner, finds, after awhile, that appetite asks for a little more; and, in time, a second glass is conceded. The increase of desire may be very slow, but it goes on surely until, in the end, a whole bottle will scarcely suffice, with far too many, to meet its imperious demands. It is the same in regard to the use of every other form of alcoholic drink.

Now, there are men so constituted that they are able, for a long series of years, or even for a whole lifetime, to hold this appetite within a certain limit of indulgence. To say "So far, and no farther." They suffer ultimately from physical ailments, which surely follow the prolonged contact of alcoholic poison with the delicate structures of the body, many of a painful character, and shorten the term of their natural lives; but still they are able to drink without an increase of appetite so great as to reach an overmastering degree. They do not become abandoned drunkards.

No man safe who drinks. ...

But no man who begins the use of alcohol in any form can tell what, in the end, is going to be its effect on his body or mind. Thousands and tens of thousands, once wholly unconscious of danger from this source, go down yearly into drunkards' graves. There is no standard by which any one can measure the latent evil forces in his inherited nature. He may have from ancestors, near or remote, an unhealthy moral tendency, or physical diathesis, to which the peculiarly disturbing influence of alcohol will give the morbid condition in which it will find its disastrous life. That such results follow the use of alcohol in a large number of cases, is now a well-known fact in the history of inebriation. The subject of alcoholism, with the mental and moral causes leading thereto, have attracted a great deal of earnest attention. Physicians, superintendents of inebriate and lunatic asylums, prison-keepers, legislators and philanthropists have been observing and studying its many sad and terrible phases, and recording results and opinions.

While differences are held on some points, as, for instance, whether drunkenness is a disease for which, after it has been established, the individual ceases to be responsible, and should be subject to restraint and treatment, as for lunacy or fever; a crime to be punished; or a sin to be repented of and healed by the Physician of souls, all agree that there is an inherited or acquired mental and nervous condition with many, which renders any use of alcohol exceedingly dangerous.

The point we wish to make with you is, that no man can possibly know, until he has used alcoholic drinks for a certain period of time, whether he has or has not this hereditary or acquired physical or mental condition; and that, if it should exist, a discovery of the fact may come too late.

Dr. D.G. Dodge, late Superintendent of the New York State Inebriate Asylum, speaking of the causes leading to intemperance, after stating his belief that it is a transmissible disease, like "scrofula, gout or consumption," says:

"There are men who have an organization, which may be termed an alcoholic idiosyncrasy; with them the latent desire for stimulants, if indulged, soon leads to habits of intemperance, and eventually to a morbid appetite, which has all the characteristics of a diseased condition of the system, which the patient, unassisted, is powerless to relieve since the weakness of the will that led to the disease obstructs its removal.

"Again, we find in another class of persons, those who have had healthy parents, and have been educated and accustomed to good social influences, moral and social, but whose temperament and physical constitution are such, that, when they once indulge in the use of stimulants, which they find pleasurable, they continue to habitually indulge till they cease to be moderate, and become excessive drinkers. A depraved appetite is established, that leads them on slowly, but surely, to destruction."

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TONGUE IN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS:

Introduction:

Tongue is a muscular organ associated with the function of deglutition,taste and speech.It acts as an easily accessible organ for the assessment of health of an individual and shows the state of hydration of the body.It is said that tongue is the mirror of the gastrointestinal system and any abnormal functioning of the stomach and intestines will be reflected on the tongue.


Some characteristic changes occur in the tongue in some particular diseases.That is why the examination of the tongue is very essential and will give some clues for diagnosis.All doctors examine the tongue and they consider the changes in size,shape,,colour,moisture,coating,nature of papillae and movements ect.

Appearance of tongue in some abnormal conditions:-

1) Movements of the tongue:-

a) In one sided paralysis of the body(hemiplegia)tongue moves towards the parylised side when protruded.

b) Tremulus movement of the tongue is seen in diseases like thyrotoxicosis,delirium tremens and parkinsonisum.Tremor is also seen in nervous patients.

c) In progressive bulbar palsy there will be wasting and paralysis of the tongue with fibrillation.Eventually the tongue gets shrivelled and lies functionless in the floor of the mouth.This condition is associated with dribbling of saliva and loss of speech.

d) In chorea(involuntary rhythmic movements) the patient may not be able to keep the protruded tongue in rest,it will be moving involuntarily.

 

2) Moistness of the tongue:-

The moistness of the tongue gives some indication about the state of hydration of the body.Water volume depletion leads to peripheral circulatory failure characterised by weakness,thirst,restlessness,anorexia,nausea,vomiting ,dry and parched tongue.

Dryness of the tongue is seen in following conditions.

a) Diarrhoea
b) Later stages of severe illness
c) Advanced uraemia
d) Hypovolumic shock
e) Heat exhaustion
f) Hyponatraemia
g) Acute intestinal obstruction
h) Starvation
i) Prlonged fasting.


3) Change in colour of tongue:-

a) Central cyanosis:-

Cyanosis is the bluish discolouration of the mucus membrane due to decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood.This is seen in heart failure,respiratory failure and in anoxia.In cyanosis tongue,lips ect becomes pale bluish.

b) Jaundice:-

This is the yellowish discolouration of all mucus surfaces of the body (including tongue)due to increase of bilirubin in the blood.Jaundice is seen in hepatitis,bile duct obstruction,increased destruction of RBCs and ect...


c) Advanced uremia:-

This is the increase of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to kidney failure.Here the tongue become brown in colour.

d) Keto acidosis:-

This is the acidosis with accumulation of ketone bodies seen mainly in diabetes mellitus.Here the tongue become brown with a typical ketone smell from the mouth.

e) Riboflavin deficiency:-

Deficiency of this vitamin (vitamin B2) produces megenta colour of the tongue with soreness and fissures of lips.

f) Niacin deficiency:-


Deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3)and some other B complex vitamins results in bright scarlet or beefy red tongue.

g) Anaemia:-

It is the decrease in haemoglobin percentage of the blood.In severe anaemia tongue becomes pale.


4) Coating on the tongue:-

a) Bad breath:-

The main cause for bad breath is formation of a pasty coating(bio film) on the tongue which lodges thousands of anaerobic bacteria resulting in the production of offenssive gases.Those who complain about bad breath may have thick coating on the posterior part of the tongue.

b) Typhoid fever:-

In typhoid fever tongue becomes white coared like a fur.

c) Candidiasis;-

It is a fungal infection which affects the mucus surfaces of the body.On the tongue there will be sloughing white lesions.

d) In diabetes and hypoadrenalism there will be sloughing white lesions.

e) Secondary syphilis:-

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted diseased caused by trepenoma pallidum infection.In secondary stage of this disease we can see mucous patches which are painless,smooth white glystening opalescent plaques which can not be scraped off easily.

f) Leokoplakia:-

Here white keratotic patches are seen on the tongue and oral cavity.This is a precancerous condition.

g) AIDS:-

In these patients hairy leukoplakia is seen.

h) Peritonitis:-

It is the inflammation of the peritonium(inner covering of abdominal cavity which also covers the intestines and keep them in position) in this condition there is white furring of the tongue.

i) Acute illness:-

Furring is also seen in some acute diseases.

5) Papillae:-


These are small projections on the rongue associated with taste.There are different type of papillae on the healthy tongue.In some diseases there are some abnormal changes which are following.

a) Hairy tongue:-

This condition is due to elongation of filiform papillae seen in poor oral hygeine ,general debility and indigestion.

b) Geographic tongue:-

Here irregular red and white patches appear on the tongue.These lesions looks like a geographic map.The excact cause is not known.

c) Median rhomboid glossitis:-

In this condition there is smooth nodular red area in the posterior mid line of the tongue.This is a congenital condition.

d) Nutritional deficiency:-

In nutrional deficiency there is glossitis(inflammation of tongue) leading to papillary hypertrophy followed by atrophy.


e) Benign migratory glossitis:-

It is an inflamatory condition of the tongue where multiple annular areas of desquamation of papillae appear on the tongue which shift from area to area in few days.

f) Thiamine and riboflavin deficiency:-

Deficiency of these vitamins cause hypertrophied filiform and fungiform papillae.

g) Niacin and iron deficiency:-

In this condition there is atrophy of papillae.Smooth tongue is encountered in iron deficiency.

h) Vitamin A deficiency:-

This causes furrowed tongue.

i) In nutritional megaloblastic anaemia tongue becomes smooth.

j) Folic acid deficiency:-

Here macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia with glossitis is seen.

k) Cyano coblamine deficiency:-

Here glossitis with macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia and peripheral neuropathy is encountered.

l) Scarlet fever;-

In this streptococcal infection there is bright red papillae standing out of a thick white fur ,later the white coat disappear leaving enlarged papillae on the bright red surface and is called strawberry tongue.

6) Ulcers on the tongue:--

a) Apthous ulcer:-

These are round painful ulcers appear in stressed individuals frequently. May be associated with food allergy.Usual sites are tongue,lips,oral mucosa and ect.

b) Herpes simplex:-

It is an acute vesicular eruptions produced by herpes simplex virus.When these vesicles rupture it forms ulcers.

c) Ulcer in cancer:-

Cancerous ulcers are having everted edges with hard base.Bleeding is also seen.Cancer of the tongue is common in tobacco chewers.

d) Syphilitic ulcers:-

Syphilitic fissures are longitudinal in direction.In primary syphilis extra genital chancre is seen on the tongue.In secondary syphilis multiple shallow ulcers are seen on the under surface and sides of the tongue.In tertiary syphilis gumma may be seen on the midline of the dorsum of the tongue.

e) Dental ulcers:-

These ulcers are produced by sharp edges of carious teeth.

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CAUSES Connected with LOW Upper back pain.

 

 
Low back pain is the usual symptom amoung the present day civilised masses.It influences mainly the middle aged and young older people of the two sexes.People that work about the chair without having exercise and those that carry lowering loads frequently are prone to get this particular complaint.

 

We could hardly get a person who has not experienced back agony atleast at one time in liveliness.The factors behind  low backpain stages from straightforward reasons including muscular tension to cancer malignancy of backbone and thence backache should not be ignored.The anguish is sensed in lumbar and sacral realm and English hawthorn radiate in order to nearby web sites.

 

The followers are a number of causes regarding backache.

1) Backache caused by diseases within the back.

2) Backache because of gynaecological troubles.

3) Backache due to problems inwards other areas of the body.

1) Backache due to diseases inside back:--
                            
A) Injuries :-

    1) Compression crack of this vertebral pillar.
     2) Rift of intervertebral cds.
     3) Accidents to structures and muscles of backwards.
     4) Lumbosacral straining.
     5) Intervertebral combined injuries. 
     6) Fracture associated with processes of vertebra.

 

B) Functional backache as a result of imbalance:-

     1) During having a baby.
     2) Pot belly. 
     3) Diseases on the hip mutual.
     4) Curve in the spine caused by congenital defect.
     5) Unretentive leg in one side. 
 
C) Backache as a result of inflammatory disorders:-

     1) Contamination of the bone as a result of bacteria.
     2) Tuberculosis in the spine. 
     3) Arthritis. 
     4) Brucellosis. 
     5) Lumbago or perhaps fibrositis.
     6) Inflamation from the muscles. 
     7) Anchylosing spondylitis.

 

D) Backache due to degenerative illnesses in the back.

     1) Degenerative arthritis.
     2) Weak bones in aged people. 
     3) Degenaration in the intervertebral magnetic disc.

 

E) Tumour in your spine:--

     I) Primory tumour of the bones in the spine.
     II) Metastatic tumours coming from other websites like prostate related,lungs,filtering 

           system,intestine ect.

 

 

2) Backache on account of gynaecological troubles:-

 

     a) Later childbirth.
     barn) After gynecologic operations.
     c) Prolapse with the uterus. 
     d) Pelvic incendiary diseases.
     e) Cancerous lesions on your skin of the particular pelvic parts.
     f) Endometriosis.

 

3) Backache as a result of problems in other parts of the body.

 

     a) Kidney stones.

     b) Ureteric lapidate.
     c) Malignant neoplastic disease of prostate-related.
     d) Pancreatitis.
     e) Biliary gems.
     f) Peptic ulcer.
     g) Inflammations involving pelvic internal organs.
     h) Blockage of aorta in addition to illiac bloodstream.

Investigation of an case connected with backache:-

1) Complete rip count.

2) Routine piddle examination.

3) Ultrasonography in the abdomen in addition to pelvis.

4) X-ray of light of this lumbar and sacral region.

5) MRI of the spine.

6) CT have a look at of abdomen and pelvic spot.

7) Study of rectum,prostate gland,genito urinary system organs.

Therapy for back aches:-

1) Removing the cause for backache.

2) Symptomatic treatement.

3) Back physical exercises.

4) Traction.

5) Pilates.

6) Surgery.

7) Homeopathy.

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ALCOHOL Doesn't have a FOOD Worth.

 

Alcohol doesn't have any food time value and is exceedingly limited in its action like a remedial agent. Dr. Mom Monroe suggests, "every sort of substance employed by man because food is made up of sugar, starch, oil as well as glutinous make any difference mingled collectively in several proportions. They're designed for your support on the animal skeletal frame. The glutinous principles of food fibrine, white and casein are employed to build in the structure as you move the oil, starchy foods and sugars are principally used to come up with heat systems".

 

Now it really is clear that if alcohol is usually a food, it'll be found to contain a number of most of these substances. There ought to be in this either the nitrogenous elements found chiefly in lean meats, eggs, milk, vegetables as well as seeds, out of which animal muscle is created and godforsaken repaired or perhaps the carbonaceous elements found inside fat, amylum and refined sugar, in the intake of which heating system and force are advanced.

 

"The discreteness of these groups of foods," says Doctor. Hunt, "as well as their relationships to your tissue-producing and heating system-evolving drives of male, are hence definite so confirmed by experiments in animals and also by manifold tests of medical, physiological and clinical feel, that absolutely no attempt for you to discard the actual classification possesses prevailed. To draw so immediately a distinctive line of demarcation as to limit usually the one entirely in order to tissue as well as cell generation and one other to warm and force production through and through ordinary burning and for you to deny just about any power associated with interchangeability beneath special needs or in the middle of defective availability of one change is, so, untenable. This doesn't in the very least invalidate the point that we can easily use these kinds of as confirmed landmarks".

 

Just how these substances when used into your body, are assimilated and that they generate drive, are renowned to the particular chemist along with physiologist, that is able, within the light connected with well-ascertained laws, to find out whether inebriant does or does certainly not possess a food price. For several years, the ablest workforce in the medical profession have given this subject the most careful review, and deliver subjected alcoholic beverages to each known ensure that you experiment, and also the result is it have been, by typical consent, ruled out from the category of muscle-building ingredients. "We have not," says Doctor. Hunt, "observed but 1 suggestion it can easily so human activity, and video promiscuous imagine. One copy writer (Hammond) feels it feasible for it may 'somehow' get into combination using the products involving decay in tissues, in addition to 'under certain situations might output their nitrogen to the construction of new cells.' No analogue in organic and natural chemistry, or any grounds in canine chemistry, can be located to environment this shot with the areola of an possible guess".

 

Dr. Richardson states: "Alcohol is made up of no N; it has none in the qualities connected with structure-developing foods; it's incapable to be transformed straight into any of them; it will be, therefore, not just a food in almost any sense of its being A constructive agentive role in building up the entire body." Dr. N.B. Carpenter says: "Alcoholic drink cannot offer anything that is essential towards true healthy eating plan of the tissues." Doctor. Liebig suggests: "Beer, vino, spirits, for example., furnish not any element efficient at entering to the composition in the blood, physical fibre, or even any office which may be the seat on the principle of life."

 

Medical professional. Hammond, in the Tribune Classroom sessions, in that he promotes the by using alcohol in some cases, says: "It's not demonstrable of which alcohol is run through conversion straight into tissue." Cameron, in her Manuel connected with Hygiene, claims: "There is certainly not in liquor with which any the main body can be nourished." Medical professional. E. Cruz, F.Third.S., says: "Alcohol is just not a correct food. That interferes with alimentation." Dr. T.Ok. Chambers claims: "It is see-through that we've got to cease in order to regard alcoholic beverage, as in a sense, the food".

 

"Not necessarily detecting in that substance," says Dr. Hunting, "any structure-making ingredients, nor in its breaking improving any combos, such even as we are competent to trace inside cell foods, nor almost any evidence possibly in the expertise of physiologists or the trials of alimentarians, it's not necessarily wonderful in which in this we should find neither the expectations nor your realization regarding constructive powerfulness."

 

Not discovering in alcohol consumption anything out of which one the consistency can end up being built upwards or it's waste supplied, it is next to become examined concerning its temperature-producing high quality.

 

Production of heat. 

"The 1st usual test out for a new force-making food," states Dr. Look, "and in which to that other foods of that will class react, is producing heat inside combination connected with oxygen therewith. This particular heat substance vital force-out, and is definitely, in no small diploma, a way of measuring the comparison value with the so-called respiratory food. If we all examine your fats, this starches and also the sugars, we could trace and also estimate your processes through which they evolve warmth and ar changed directly into vital power, and tin can weigh the actual capacities of different foods.

 

We discover that the consumption of carbon through union along with oxygen may be the law, which heat will be the product, which the licit result is actually force, even though the result in the union from the hydrogen on the foods using oxygen is definitely water. If alcohol will come at completely under these types of food items, we justly expect to find some in the evidences which attach for the hydrocarbons."

 

Exactly what, then, could be the result of experiments therein direction? They've been conducted through and through long durations and while using the greatest tending, by work force of the greatest attainments within chemistry along with physiology, as well as the result has in these kinds of few phrases, by Medical professional. H.Radius. Wood, Jr .., in his / her Materia Medica. "No person has had the oppertunity to detect in the particular blood any of the ordinary link between its oxidization." That can be, no they have been able to find that alcoholic drink has gone through combustion, same fat, or maybe starch, or maybe sugar, and thus given passion to one's body. 

 

Alcohol and also reduction associated with temperature. 
             

as opposed to increasing it; and it offers even recently been used inch fevers just as one anti-pyretic. Consequently uniform has become the testimony of medical professionals in Europe and The us as towards the cooling effects of alcohol, that will Dr. Wood says, in his Materia Medica, "it does not really seem worth while to invade space with a discussion from the subject." Liebermeister, the most learned allies to Zeimssen's Encyclopaedia of the era of the Medicine, 1875, claims: "I long since convinced myself, by primary experiments, that alcohol, even just in comparatively substantial doses, isn't going to elevate the particular temperature with the body either in well or perhaps sick men and women." So very well had this kind of become proven to Arctic voyagers, that, even before physiologists had demonstrated the point that alcohol rock-bottom, instead involving increasing, the actual temperature on the body,

they had learned in which spirits much less their capacity to withstand excessive cold. "Within the Northern places," says Ed Smith, " had been proved which the entire exception of hard drink was requirement, in decree to keep heat nether these negative conditions."

 

Intoxicant does not really make you strong. 
      

When alcohol won't contain tissue paper-building fabric, nor spring heat towards the body, it wouldn't possibly add to its potency. "Every rather power a dog can create," says Dr. G. Budd, F.R.Sec., "the kinetic power with the muscles, mit (or digestive) power in the stomach, your intellectual strength of mental performance accumulates from the nutrition with the organ on what it would depend." Dr. Farreneheit.R. Lees, of Edinburgh, after discussing the particular question, and educing research, remarks: "In the very character of issues, it can be witnessed how unimaginable it is that alcohol might be strengthening food for thought of sometimes kind. Since it cannot explore the soundbox, it can not consequently help with its logical, organic toughness, or preset power; and also, since referring out with the body just like it proceeded to go in, it cannot, by its decomposition, make heat force."

 

Sir Gum benzoin Brodie says: "Stimulants do not create tense power; they merely enable anyone, as the idea were, to  use up  that and that is left, and they create more requiring rest in comparison with before."

 

Magnate Liebig, so far back as 1843, as part of his "Animal Hormones," pointed out your fallacy connected with alcohol generating power. He says: "The blood flow will look accelerated with the expense of the force designed for voluntary question, but without worrying about production of a greater level of mechanical force out." In their later "Text letters," he yet again says: "Vino is quite excess to guy, it is followed through the expenditure connected with power" whilst, the material function regarding food is always to give might. He contributes: "These cocktails promote the alteration of make a difference in the entire body, and are generally, consequently, visited by a great inward decrease in power, which usually ceases being productive, which is not working at overcoming to the outside difficulties my partner and i.e., inward working." In other words, this outstanding chemist feels that alcohol consumption abstracts the effectiveness of the program from carrying out useful are employed in the discipline or working area, in ordering to detox the house from the particular defilement of alcohol itself.

 

The belatedly Dr. Double-u. Brinton, Health practitioner to Saint. Thomas', as part of his great work Dietetics, claims: "Careful notice leaves little doubt that some sort of moderate drug of light beer or wines would, in most cases, at when diminish the absolute maximum weight which often a healthy person might lift. Psychological acuteness, exactness of notion and delicacy of the particular senses are so a lot opposed away alcohol, since that the maximum efforts of every are inappropriate with the actual ingestion associated with any modest quantity involving fermented melted. A 1 glass will usually suffice to consider the border off both mind and body, and to reduce their capacity to help something beneath their efficiency of perform."

 

Dr. Farrenheit.R. Lees, F.S.Some sort of., writing dedicated to alcohol to be a food, makes the following credit from a great essay in "Stimulating Cocktails," published by Dr. H.R. Craze, as lang syne as 1847: "Alcohol is definitely not the innate(p) stimulus to any individuals organs, so because of this, functions conducted in consequence of its program, tend to help debilitate the organ put to work.

 

Alcohol is definitely incapable of being assimilated or perhaps converted into any natural proximate theory, and so, cannot be regarded nutritious.

The particular strength skilled after the use of alcohol is just not new toughness added to the system, but is actually manifested past calling in exercise the nervous vigor pre-present.

The supreme exhausting outcomes of alcohol, owing to its stimulant drug properties, make an out of place susceptibility for you to morbid legal action in every one of the organs, and this also, with this plethora superinduced, becomes a fat source associated with disease.

 

A person who habitually puts himself to help such a degree as for you to require this daily utilization of stimulants to help ward down exhaustion, can be compared with a machine working under questionable. He will end up much much more obnoxious towards causes regarding disease, and will certainly break down sooner when compared with he would have done beneath more favorable circumstances.

 

The more frequently alcoholic drink is experienced recourse to be able to for the purpose of overcoming emotions of frailty, the a lot more it will be required, through constant repeating a full point is in greater detail reached when it can't be foregone, unless of course reaction is definitely simultaneously brought about by a impermanent total change of the actual habits connected with life.

 

Influenced to the wall.

Not necessarily finding in which alcohol boasts any one on one alimentary economic value, the medical examination advocates of the use have been driven towards assumption that it's a kind connected with secondary solid food, in it has the ability to delay the transfiguration of weave. "By the actual metamorphosis regarding tissue is supposed," says Dr. Hunt, "which change that's constantly taking in the system which will involve a continual disintegration regarding material; any breaking upwards and keeping away from of what is no longer aliment, producing room for that new supplying which should be to sustain life." Another medical checkup writer, in referring to this particular metamorphosis, states: "The importance of this physical process to the maintenance of life's readily found by the particular injurious effects which stick with upon its disturbance. Should the discharge from the excrementitious chemicals be in the slightest impeded or suspended, these kind of substances conglomerate either within the blood as well as tissues, as well as both. In consequence with this retention and also accumulation they become deadly, and chop-chop produce a derangement from the vital capabilities. Their impact is in the main exerted after the nerves, through they will produce general irritability, disruption of the special feels, delirium, callosity, coma, and ultimately, death."

 

"This specific description," statements Dr. Seek out, "seems nearly intended intended for alcohol." And it fell says: "To claim alcohol like a food because it delays the metamorphosis connected with tissue, should be to claim that it in some way suspends the regular conduct in the laws involving assimilation and also nutrition, involving waste along with repair. A top advocate associated with alcohol (Hammond) thusly illustrates the item: 'Alcohol retards the actual destruction from the tissues. At this destruction, pressure is developed, muscles get, thoughts are generally developed, organs secrete along with excrete.' Put differently, alcohol interferes with all these kinds of. No wonder the creator 'is unclear' how it lets you do this, and now we are uncertain how this kind of delayed transformation recuperates.

 

Not an originator of vital power.

which is not known to get any from the usual electricity of food items, and work with it on this double assumption that that delays transfiguration of tissue paper, and of which such hold up is buttoned-down of health, is to pass through outside of the bounds regarding science in the land of remote possibilities, and consult the subject of claims adjuster upon a real estate agent whose firm is itself doubtful. 

 

Getting failed to name alcohol as a nitrogenous or perhaps non-nitrogen-bearing food, lacking found the item amenable to help any with the evidences in which the meal-force connected with aliments is generally measured, it does not do for many people to talk about benefit away delay associated with regressive change unless this sort of process can be accompanied along with something evidentiary of the very fact something technically descriptive of the mode connected with accomplishment in case at mitt, and except if it can be shown to become practically appealing for nutrition.

 

There may be no doubt that booze does bring about  defects  in the processes involving elimination which can be natural to the healthy consistency and which in turn even with disease will often be conservative regarding health.

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HOW ALCOHOL CAUSES MENTAL AND MORAL CHANGES.

The transforming power or alcohol is marvelous, and often appalling. It seems to open a way of entrance into the soul for all classes of foolish, insane or malignant spirits, who, so long as it remains in contact with the brain, are able to hold possession. Men of the kindest nature when sober, act often like fiends when drunk. Crimes and outrages are committed, which shock and shame the perpetrators when the excitement of inebriation has passed away. Referring to this subject, Dr. Henry Munroe says:

"It appears from the experience of Mr. Fletcher, who has paid much attention to the cases of drunkards, from the remarks of Mr. Dunn, in his 'Medical Psychology,' and from observations of my own, that there is some analogy between our physical and psychical natures; for, as the physical part of us, when its power is at a low ebb, becomes susceptible of morbid influences which, in full vigor, would pass over it without effect, so when the psychical (synonymous with the moral ) part of the brain has its healthy function disturbed and deranged by the introduction of a morbid poison like alcohol, the individual so circumstanced sinks in depravity, and "becomes the helpless subject of the forces of evil, "which are powerless against a nature free from the morbid influences of alcohol."

Different persons are affected in different ways by the same poison. Indulgence in alcoholic drinks may act upon one or more of the cerebral organs; and, as its necessary consequence, the manifestations of functional disturbance will follow in such of the mental powers as these organs subserve. If the indulgence be continued, then, either from deranged nutrition or organic lesion, manifestations formerly developed only during a fit of intoxication may become permanent , and terminate in insanity or dypso-mania. M. Flourens first pointed out the fact that certain morbific agents, when introduced into the current of the circulation, tend to act primarily and specially on one nervous centre in preference to that of another, by virtue of some special elective affinity between such morbific agents and certain ganglia. Thus, in the tottering gait of the tipsy man, we see the influence of alcohol upon the functions of the cerebellum in the impairment of its power of co-ordinating the muscles.

Certain writers on diseases of the mind make especial allusion to that form of insanity termed 'dypsomania', in which a person has an unquenchable thirst for alcoholic drinks a tendency as decidedly maniacal as that of homicidal mania ; or the uncontrollable desire to burn, termed pyromania ; or to steal, called kleptomania.

Homicidal mania.

The different tendencies of homicidal mania in different individuals are often only nursed into action when the current of the blood has been poisoned with alcohol. I had a case of a person who, whenever his brain was so excited, told me that he experienced a most uncontrollable desire to kill or injure some one; so much so, that he could at times hardly restrain himself from the action, and was obliged to refrain from all stimulants, lest, in an unlucky moment, he might commit himself. Townley, who murdered the young lady of his affections, for which he was sentenced to be imprisoned in a lunatic asylum for life, poisoned his brain with brandy and soda-water before he committed the rash act. The brandy stimulated into action certain portions of the brain, which acquired such a power as to subjugate his will, and hurry him to the performance of a frightful deed, opposed alike to his better judgment and his ordinary desires.

As to pyromania , some years ago I knew a laboring man in a country village, who, whenever he had had a few glasses of ale at the public-house, would chuckle with delight at the thought of firing certain gentlemen's stacks. Yet, when his brain was free from the poison, a quieter, better-disposed man could not be. Unfortunately, he became addicted to habits of intoxication; and, one night, under alcoholic excitement, fired some stacks belonging to his employers, for which, he was sentenced for fifteen years to a penal settlement, where his brain would never again be alcoholically excited.

Kleptomania.

Next, I will give an example of kleptomania . I knew, many years ago, a very clever, industrious and talented young man, who told me that whenever he had been drinking, he could hardly withstand, the temptation of stealing anything that came in his way; but that these feelings never troubled him at other times. One afternoon, after he had been indulging with his fellow-workmen in drink, his will, unfortunately, was overpowered, and he took from the mansion where he was working some articles of worth, for which he was accused, and afterwards sentenced to a term of imprisonment. When set at liberty he had the good fortune to be placed among some kind-hearted persons, vulgarly called teetotallers ; and, from conscientious motives, signed the PLEDGE, now above twenty years ago. From that time to the present moment he has never experienced the overmastering desire which so often beset him in his drinking days to take that which was not his own. Moreover, no pretext on earth could now entice him to taste of any liquor containing alcohol, feeling that, under its influence, he might again fall its victim. He holds an influential position in the town where he resides.

I have known some ladies of good position in society, who, after a dinner or supper-party, and after having taken sundry glasses of wine, could not withstand the temptation of taking home any little article not their own, when the opportunity offered; and who, in their sober moments, have returned them, as if taken by mistake. We have many instances recorded in our police reports of gentlemen of position, under the influence of drink, committing thefts of the most paltry articles, afterwards returned to the owners by their friends, which can only be accounted for, psychologically, by the fact that the will had been for the time completely overpowered by the subtle influence of alcohol.

Loss of mental clearness.

Alcohol, whether taken in large or small doses, immediately disturbs the natural functions of the mind and body, is now conceded by the most eminent physiologists. Dr. Brinton says: 'Mental acuteness, accuracy of conception, and delicacy of the senses, are all so far opposed by the action of alcohol, as that the maximum efforts of each are incompatible with the ingestion of any moderate quantity of fermented liquid. Indeed, there is scarcely any calling which demands skillful and exact effort of mind and body, or which requires the balanced exercise of many faculties, that does not illustrate this rule. The mathematician, the gambler, the metaphysician, the billiard-player, the author, the artist, the physician, would, if they could analyze their experience aright, generally concur in the statement, that a single glass will often suffice to take , so to speak, the edge off both mind and body , and to reduce their capacity to something below what is relatively their perfection of work.

A train was driven carelessly into one of the principal London stations, running into another train, killing, by the collision, six or seven persons, and injuring many others. From the evidence at the inquest, it appeared that the guard was reckoned sober, only he had had two glasses of ale with a friend at a previous station. Now, reasoning psychologically, these two glasses of ale had probably been instrumental in taking off the edge from his perceptions and prudence, and producing a carelessness or boldness of action which would not have occurred under the cooling, temperate influence of a beverage free from alcohol. Many persons have admitted to me that they were not the same after taking even one glass of ale or wine that they were before, and could not thoroughly trust themselves after they had taken this single glass.

Impairment of memory.

An impairment of the memory is among the early symptoms of alcoholic derangement.

"This," says Dr. Richardson, "extends even to forgetfulness of the commonest things; to names of familiar persons, to dates, to duties of daily life. Strangely, too," he adds, "this failure, like that which indicates, in the aged, the era of second childishness and mere oblivion, does not extend to the things of the past, but is confined to events that are passing. On old memories the mind retains its power; on new ones it requires constant prompting and sustainment."


In this failure of memory nature gives a solemn warning that imminent peril is at hand. Well for the habitual drinker if he heed the warning. Should he not do so, symptoms of a more serious character will, in time, develop themselves, as the brain becomes more and more diseased, ending, it may be, in permanent insanity.

Mental and moral diseases.

Of the mental and moral diseases which too often follow the regular drinking of alcohol, we have painful records in asylum reports, in medical testimony and in our daily observation and experience. These are so full and varied, and thrust so constantly on our attention, that the wonder is that men are not afraid to run the terrible risks involved even in what is called the moderate use of alcoholic beverages.

In 1872, a select committee of the House of Commons, appointed "to consider the best plan for the control and management of habitual drunkards," called upon some of the most eminent medical men in Great Britain to give their testimony in answer to a large number of questions, embracing every topic within the range of inquiry, from the pathology of inebriation to the practical usefulness of prohibitory laws. In this testimony much was said about the effect of alcoholic stimulation on the mental condition and moral character. One physician, Dr. James Crichton Brown, who, in ten years' experience as superintendent of lunatic asylums, has paid special attention to the relations of habitual drunkenness to insanity, having carefully examined five hundred cases, testified that alcohol, taken in excess, produced different forms of mental disease, of which he mentioned four classes: 1. Mania a potu , or alcoholic mania. 2. The monomania of suspicion. 3. Chronic alcoholism, characterized by failure of the memory and power of judgment, with partial paralysis generally ending fatally. 4. Dypsomania, or an irresistible craving for alcoholic stimulants, occuring very frequently, paroxysmally, and with constant liability to periodical exacerbations, when the craving becomes altogether uncontrollable. Of this latter form of disease, he says: "This is invariably associated with a certain impairment of the intellect, and of the affections and the moral powers ."

Dr. Alexander Peddie, a physician of over thirty-seven years' practice in Edinburgh, gave, in his evidence, many remarkable instances of the moral perversions that followed continued drinking.

Relation between insanity and drunkenness.

Dr. John Nugent said that his experience of twenty-six years among lunatics, led him to believe that there is a very close relation between the results of the abuse of alcohol and insanity. The population of Ireland had decreased, he said, two millions in twenty-five years, but there was the same amount of insanity now that there was before. He attributed this, in a great measure, to indulgence in drink.

Dr. Arthur Mitchell, Commissioner of Lunacy for Scotland, testified that the excessive use of alcohol caused a large amount of the lunacy, crime and pauperism of that country. In some men, he said, habitual drinking leads to other diseases than insanity, because the effect is always in the direction of the proclivity, but it is certain that there are many in whom there is a clear proclivity to insanity, who would escape that dreadful consummation but for drinking; excessive drinking in many persons determining the insanity to which they are, at any rate, predisposed . The children of drunkards, he further said, are in a larger proportion idiotic than other children, and in a larger proportion become themselves drunkards; they are also in a larger proportion liable to the ordinary forms of acquired insanity.


Dr. Winslow Forbes believed that in the habitual drunkard the whole nervous structure, and the brain especially, became poisoned by alcohol. All the mental symptoms which you see accompanying ordinary intoxication, he remarks, result from the poisonous effects of alcohol on the brain. It is the brain which is mainly effected. In temporary drunkenness, the brain becomes in an abnormal state of alimentation, and if this habit is persisted in for years, the nervous tissue itself becomes permeated with alcohol, and organic changes take place in the nervous tissues of the brain, producing that frightful and dreadful chronic insanity which we see in lunatic asylums, traceable entirely to habits of intoxication . A large percentage of frightful mental and brain disturbances can, he declared, be traced to the drunkenness of parents.


Dr. D.G. Dodge, late of the New York State Inebriate Asylum, who, with. Dr. Joseph Parrish, gave testimony before the committee of the House of Commons, said, in one of his answers: "With the excessive use of alcohol, functional disorder will invariably appear, and no organ will be more seriously affected, and possibly impaired, than the brain. This is shown in the inebriate by a weakened intellect, a general debility of the mental faculties , a partial or total loss of self-respect, and a departure of the power of self-command; all of which, acting together, place the victim at the mercy of a depraved and morbid appetite, and make him utterly powerless, by his own unaided efforts, to secure his recovery from the disease which is destroying him." And he adds: "I am of opinion that there is a "great similarity between inebriety and insanity.


"I am decidedly of opinion that the former has taken its place in the family of diseases as prominently as its twin-brother insanity; and, in my opinion, the day is not far distant when the pathology of the former will be as fully understood and as successfully treated as the latter, and even more successfully, since it is more within the reach and bounds of human control, which, wisely exercised and scientifically administered, may prevent curable inebriation from verging into possible incurable insanity."


General impairment of the faculties.

Dr. Richardson, speaking of the action of alcohol on the mind, gives the following sad picture of its ravages:


"An analysis of the condition of the mind induced and maintained by the free daily use of alcohol as a drink, reveals a singular order of facts. The manifestation fails altogether to reveal the exaltation of any reasoning power in a useful or satisfactory direction. I have never met with an instance in which such a claim for alcohol has been made. On the contrary, confirmed alcoholics constantly say that for this or that work, requiring thought and attention, it is necessary to forego some of the usual potations in order to have a cool head for hard work.


"On the other side, the experience is overwhelmingly in favor of the observation that the use of "alcohol sells the reasoning powers, "make weak men and women the easy prey of the wicked and strong, and leads men and women who should know better into every grade of misery and vice. If, then, alcohol enfeebles the reason, what part of the mental constitution does it exalt and excite? It excites and exalts those animal, organic, emotional centres of mind which, in the dual nature of man, so often cross and oppose that pure and abstract reasoning nature which lifts man above the lower animals, and rightly exercised, little lower than the angels.

It excites man's worst passions.

Exciting these animal centres, it lets loose all the passions, and gives them more or less of unlicensed dominion over the man. It excites anger, and when it does not lead to this extreme, it keeps the mind fretful, irritable, dissatisfied and captious.... And if I were to take you through all the passions, love, hate, lust, envy, avarice and pride, I should but show you that alcohol ministers to them all; that, paralyzing the reason, it takes from off these passions that fine adjustment of reason, which places man above the lower animals. From the beginning to the end of its influence it subdues reason and sets the passions free. The analogies, physical and mental, are perfect. That which loosens the tension of the vessels which feed the body with due order and precision, and, thereby, lets loose the heart to violent excess and unbridled motion, loosens, also, the reason and lets loose the passion. In both instances, heart and head are, for a time, out of harmony; their balance broken. The man descends closer and closer to the lower animals. From the angels he glides farther and farther away.

A sad and terrible picture.

The destructive effects of alcohol on the human mind present, finally, the saddest picture of its influence. The most aesthetic artist can find no angel here. All is animal, and animal of the worst type. Memory irretrievably lost, words and very elements of speech forgotten or words displaced to have no meaning in them. Rage and anger persistent and mischievous, or remittent and impotent. Fear at every corner of life, distrust on every side, grief merged into blank despair, hopelessness into permanent melancholy. Surely no Pandemonium that ever poet dreamt of could equal that which would exist if all the drunkards of the world were driven into one mortal sphere.


As I have moved among those who are physically stricken with alcohol, and have detected under the various disguises of name the fatal diseases, the pains and penalties it imposes on the body, the picture has been sufficiently cruel. But even that picture pales, as I conjure up, without any stretch of imagination, the devastations which the same agent inflicts on the mind. Forty per cent., the learned Superintendent of Colney Hatch, Dr. Sheppard, tells us, of those who were brought into that asylum in 1876, were so brought because of the direct or indirect effects of alcohol. If the facts of all the asylums were collected with equal care, the same tale would, I fear, be told. What need we further to show the destructive action on the human mind? The Pandemonium of drunkards; the grand transformation scene of that pantomime of drink which commences with, moderation! Let it never more be forgotten by those who love their fellow-men until, through their efforts, it is closed forever."

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